1. According to whether there is walking mechanism
Can be divided into mobile tower crane and fixed tower crane.
Mobile tower cranes can be divided into four types: track type, tire type, automobile type and crawler type according to the different walking devices. Rail tower tower crane tower body is fixed on the walking chassis, can run on a dedicated track, good stability, can walk with load, high working efficiency, so it is widely used in construction and installation projects. The tire-type, automobile-type and crawler-type tower cranes have no track device and are easy to move, but they cannot walk with load and have poor stability.
According to the installation location, fixed tower cranes are divided into two types: self-elevating and self-climbing. The self-elevating tower crane can rise as the building rises. It is suitable for high-rise buildings, and the building structure is only It bears the horizontal load transmitted by the tower crane and is easy to attach, but it occupies a lot of steel for the structure; the internal climbing tower crane is inside the building (elevator shaft, stairwell), and is lifted by a set of brackets and lifting systems, which is more complicated to lift However, less steel is used for the structure and no foundation is required. All the dead weight and load are borne by the building.
2. The structural characteristics of the boom
Can be divided into pitch luffing jib (boom) and trolley luffing jib (flat arm) tower crane.
The tower crane with pitching boom is not lifted by the boom lifting. Its advantages are: the effective height of the boom can be fully utilized, the mechanism is simple, and the disadvantage is that the minimum amplitude is limited to 30% of the maximum amplitude Left and right, can't be close to the tower body completely, the load will rise and fall together with the boom during the luffing, and can't take the load luffing.
The crane luffing boom tower crane is realized by the trolley mounted on the horizontal jib track. Its advantages are: the range of luffing is large, the truck can be approached to the tower, and it can carry the load luffing, disadvantages Yes: The stress condition of the boom is complicated, and the structural requirements are high. The boom and the trolley must be on the upper part of the building. The pylon installation height is 15-20 meters higher than the building roof.
3. Rotation mode of tower body structure
It can be divided into lower-slewing (tower body rotation) and upper-slewing (tower body not rotating) tower cranes.
The lower slewing tower crane has the slewing bearing and the main mechanism of the counterweight at the lower end. Its advantages are: the tower suffers less bending moment, low center of gravity, good stability, easy installation and maintenance, and the disadvantage is that the slewing bearing requires more High, the installation height is limited.
The upper slewing tower crane has the slewing bearing, balance weight, and the main mechanisms are all set at the upper end. The advantage is that because the tower body does not rotate, it can simplify the lower structure of the tower body, and it is convenient to lift and add sections. The disadvantage is: when the building exceeds the height of the tower, due to the influence of the balance arm, the rotation of the tower crane is restricted, and at the same time, the center of gravity is higher, the wind pressure increases, and the weight increases, so that the total weight of the whole machine increases.
4. Different installation methods of tower crane
It can be divided into a tower crane that can be folded and transported, a tower crane that can be installed as a whole and a tower crane that needs to be assembled and disassembled by means of an auxiliary machine.
Quick-mount tower cranes that can be erected on their own are small and medium-sized lower-slewing tower cranes. They are mainly used in low-rise buildings with short construction periods and frequent movements. The main advantages are that they can improve work efficiency, save installation costs, and save time, labor and materials. The disadvantage is that the structure is complex and the amount of maintenance is large.
Tower cranes, which need to be disassembled by auxiliary machines, are mainly used in high-rise buildings and places with large working range and heavy lifting capacity. They are the main types of machines on construction sites.
5. According to the structure of the spire
It can be divided into flat tower tower crane and pointed tower tower crane.
The flat-head tower crane is a new type of tower crane developed in recent years. It is characterized by the elimination of the tower spire and its front and rear tie rod parts on the structure of the original self-lifting tower crane, which enhances the structural strength of the boom and balance arm. , The boom and the balance arm are directly connected, and its advantages are: 1. The whole machine is small in size, convenient and safe to install, and reduces the cost of transportation and storage; 2. The boom has good tolerance performance, uniform force, and the structure and connection parts Small damage; 3. The design of components can be standardized, modularized, and interchangeable, reducing idle equipment and improving investment efficiency. The disadvantage is that the price of flat-top tower cranes is slightly higher in the same type of tower cranes.
